Early core areas & agriculture hearths develop where there is
Agriculture allowed:greater population density changes in
The first cities are centers of
Hydraulic societies invest heavily in
irrigation and terraced fields
Examples:
Tiwanaku culture of the Andes - canals of water surround raised fields to
keep crops from freezing at high altitude.
Inca empire built terraced fields to farm steep slopes. Roads and a Quipu
(knotted twine) accounting system were used for communication.
Rivers provide alluvial soils through yearly floods
Water also provides access to trade
World trade centers:port cities and central places
Industrial location during the industrial revolutions
1790-1850
1st wave:
water, wind, and wood
1850-1870
2nd wave:
steel, resources, rails
1870-1914
3rd wave
electricity and telecommunications
20th century - Example of the shift from the manufacturing belt to the sun belt in the U.S.
New technologies produce:
Production becomes more flexible and footloose
Example: change in automobile production
Multinational / Transnational Corporations have global operations
Global commodity chains
Examples: Mitsubishi and Volksvagen